"Hoarseness" is a term often used to describe any change in voice quality. Hoarseness that lasts for more than two weeks requires a complete otolaryngolic examination to rule out potentially serious causes such as malignancy. This is particularly a concern in patients with a history of tobacco or alcohol use who are at higher risk for cancer of the head and neck.
Phonation is referred to production of a vocal tone at the level of the vocal folds. The quality of the tone is modified by resonation through the upper airway and sinonasal tract and articulated into speech.
Patients with hoarseness for more than two weeks, in the absence of symptoms of an acute respiratory infection, should have a complete examination of the laryngopharynx, with visualization of the larynx, by an otolaryngologist. This may be performed by direct laryngoscopy with a mirror in the posterior oropharynx, or with a transnasal or transoral fiberoptic or digital laryngoscope.
Treatment of hoarseness may be considered according to underlying etiology.
Patient should quit smoking, alcohol drinking and betel chewing. Phonation education may be effective.
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