Dialysis patients who receive hemodialysis (HD) for 3 times per week and 4 hours each time can remove nitrogen wastes from blood efficiently. At the same time, many nutrients, especially protein, are also removed during the session of HD. Therefore, it is necessary to ?protein in dialysis patients. Because most patients receive HD intermittently with wastes accumulation between dialysis sessions, predialysis body weight, water, and electrolytes also require appropriate control.
Enough Protein Supplement
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According to the recommendation, protein intake in dialysis patients is higher than general individuals. 1.2-2.5 grams of protein per kilogram per day are suggested. Of all protein and high biology-value protein, for example mild, fish, and meat, must account for two-third.
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In child with the body weight between 10 and 20 kilograms, 2-3 grams of protein per kilograms per day is recommended.
Control of Fluid and Sodium
Water intake per day less than 1000 ml is recommended in dialysis patients, especially in those without urine. Based on the variation of body weight to adjust the amount of water intake, we recommend daily weight gain less than 5 % of body weight is appropriate. Avoid high-salt food is important. If patients feel thirsty, we suggest them to gargle with water and then spit it out. Besides, holding ice in the mouth or chewing gum also helps to relieve it.
Low-Potassium Diet
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Avoid uncooked vegetables or eat less high-potassium foods; eat cooked vegetables after boiling vegetables and pouring out soup.
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Do not use low-sodium salt substitutes because they contain large amount of potassium.
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Avoid high-potassium fruits: bananas, dates, pomegranates, oranges, mangoes, and persimmons
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Prohibit eating star fruits because of its neuro-toxicity to dialysis patients
Control of Phosphorus
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Avoid high-phosphorus food, such as milk products, internal organs, whole grains, yeasts, chocolate, cola, soft drink, dried beans, and nuts.
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The phosphate binders should be taken with meals.
Others
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Flavoring: Less limits in eating green onion, ginger, garlic, vinegar, or sugar.
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Tea and coffee: Because coffee contains more potassium, no more than 2 cups of coffee is suggested. Although tea contains less potassium, compared to coffee, drinking a little is appropriate but it is necessary to keep off drinking too much.
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Wine: It is suitable to drink a few of red wine, whisky, or brandy; but beer should be avoided due to high water content.
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Cigarette and betel-nuts: prohibited
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